Wind measurement - Revision history

Mcrossley: /* Weather Stations and Cumulus */

2021-11-21T15:43:50Z

Weather Stations and Cumulus

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:43, 21 November 2021
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	== Weather Stations and Cumulus ==		== Weather Stations and Cumulus ==

	*If you have a Davis weather station see [[FAQ#~~What_do_the_various_wind_speeds_in_Cumulus_correspond_to~~.2C_with_Davis_stations.3F]]		*If you have a Davis weather station see [[FAQ#What_do_the_various_wind_speeds_in_Cumulus_1_correspond_to.2C_with_Davis_stations.3F\|FAQ: What do the various wind speeds in Cumulus correspond to with Davis stations]]
	*If you have a Fine Offset station, see [[FAQ#~~What_do_the_various_wind_speeds_in_Cumulus_correspond_to~~.2C_with_Fine_Offset_stations.3F]]		*If you have a Fine Offset station, see [[FAQ#What_do_the_various_wind_speeds_in_Cumulus_1_correspond_to.2C_with_Fine_Offset_stations.3F\|FAQ: What do the various wind speeds in Cumulus correspond to with Fine Offset stations]]
	* For Oregon Scientific and La Crosse stations see [~~FAQ~~[#~~How_do_I_set_up_recording_wind_speeds_in_Cumulus~~.2C_with_Oregon_Scientific_and_La_Crosse_stations]]		* For Oregon Scientific and La Crosse stations see [[FAQ#How_do_I_set_up_recording_wind_speeds_in_Cumulus_1.2C_with_Oregon_Scientific_and_La_Crosse_stations\| FAQ: How do I set up recording wind speeds in Cumulus with Oregon Scientific and La Crosse stations]]

	==Compensation==		==Compensation==

Sfws: Text replacement - "Cumulus.ini" to "Cumulus.ini_(Cumulus_1)"

2021-03-22T16:17:02Z

Text replacement - "Cumulus.ini" to "Cumulus.ini_(Cumulus_1)"

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:17, 22 March 2021
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	Wind speed is measured using an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemometer anemometer]. It is typically made up of cups attached to spindle. The stronger the wind the faster the cups rotate and the higher the reading. Several readings should be taken over a couple of minutes and an average taken. The measurement is sometimes made in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knot_%28unit%29 knots] but any speed unit is possible.		Wind speed is measured using an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemometer anemometer]. It is typically made up of cups attached to spindle. The stronger the wind the faster the cups rotate and the higher the reading. Several readings should be taken over a couple of minutes and an average taken. The measurement is sometimes made in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knot_%28unit%29 knots] but any speed unit is possible.
	Cumulus [[Cumulus.~~ini~~\|supports]]:		Cumulus [[Cumulus.ini_(Cumulus_1)\|supports]]:
	::0 = m/s (metres per second)		::0 = m/s (metres per second)
	::1 = mph (miles per hour)		::1 = mph (miles per hour)

Sfws: /* Weather Stations and Cumulus */ Corrected links

2017-04-05T16:30:40Z

Weather Stations and Cumulus: Corrected links

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:30, 5 April 2017
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	== Weather Stations and Cumulus ==		== Weather Stations and Cumulus ==

	*If you have a Davis weather station see [[#What_do_the_various_wind_speeds_in_Cumulus_correspond_to.2C_with_Davis_stations.3F]]		*If you have a Davis weather station see [[FAQ#What_do_the_various_wind_speeds_in_Cumulus_correspond_to.2C_with_Davis_stations.3F]]
	*If you have a Fine Offset station, see [[#What_do_the_various_wind_speeds_in_Cumulus_correspond_to.2C_with_Fine_Offset_stations.3F]]		*If you have a Fine Offset station, see [[FAQ#What_do_the_various_wind_speeds_in_Cumulus_correspond_to.2C_with_Fine_Offset_stations.3F]]
	* For Oregon Scientific and La Crosse stations see [[#How_do_I_set_up_recording_wind_speeds_in_Cumulus.2C_with_Oregon_Scientific_and_La_Crosse_stations]]		* For Oregon Scientific and La Crosse stations see [FAQ[#How_do_I_set_up_recording_wind_speeds_in_Cumulus.2C_with_Oregon_Scientific_and_La_Crosse_stations]]

	==Compensation==		==Compensation==

Steve: /* Beaufort Scale */

2013-10-22T07:23:46Z

Beaufort Scale

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:23, 22 October 2013
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	*In addition to a Wind Speed multiplier, Cumulus allows for a Wind Gust multiplier. However, it is generally felt that wind gusts should not take into account their height from ground level therefore a multiplier of 1 is acceptable.		*In addition to a Wind Speed multiplier, Cumulus allows for a Wind Gust multiplier. However, it is generally felt that wind gusts should not take into account their height from ground level therefore a multiplier of 1 is acceptable.
	==Beaufort Scale==		==Beaufort Scale==
	The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_scale Beaufort Scale] was developed as a common way to measure and describe wind speed prior to any accurate devices. Initially it was based on the condition of the sea however the modern Beaufort scale incorporates land observations too.		The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_scale Beaufort Scale] was developed as a common way to measure and describe wind speed prior to any accurate devices. Initially it was based on the condition of the sea however the modern Beaufort scale incorporates land observations too. Note that the scale applies to sustained (average) wind speeds.

	Using the table below you could asses if your Calibration within Cumulus is roughly accurate based on observations.		Using the table below you could asses if your Calibration within Cumulus is roughly accurate based on observations.

Sfws: /* Wind Speed */ Making wind speed concept and wind speed in Cumulus clearer

2013-08-22T21:40:42Z

Wind Speed: Making wind speed concept and wind speed in Cumulus clearer

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:40, 22 August 2013
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	=Wind Speed=		=Wind Speed=

	Wind speed is measured using an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemometer anemometer]. It is typically made up of cups attached to spindle. The stronger the wind the faster the cups rotate and the higher the reading. Several readings should be taken over a couple of minutes and an average taken. The measurement is ~~usually~~ made in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knot_%28unit%29 knots] ~~or miles per hour~~ but ~~may be converted to metres per second~~ or ~~kilometres~~ ~~per~~ ~~hour~~.		Wind speed is measured using an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemometer anemometer]. It is typically made up of cups attached to spindle. The stronger the wind the faster the cups rotate and the higher the reading. Several readings should be taken over a couple of minutes and an average taken. The measurement is sometimes made in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knot_%28unit%29 knots] but any speed unit is possible.
	Cumulus [[Cumulus.ini\|supports]]:		Cumulus [[Cumulus.ini\|supports]]:
	*0 = m/s (metres per second)		::0 = m/s (metres per second)
	*1 = mph (miles per hour)		::1 = mph (miles per hour)
	*2 = km/h (kilometres per hour)		::2 = km/h (kilometres per hour)
	*3 = kts (nautical knots)		::3 = kts (nautical knots)

			== Weather Stations and Cumulus ==

			*If you have a Davis weather station see [[#What_do_the_various_wind_speeds_in_Cumulus_correspond_to.2C_with_Davis_stations.3F]]
			*If you have a Fine Offset station, see [[#What_do_the_various_wind_speeds_in_Cumulus_correspond_to.2C_with_Fine_Offset_stations.3F]]
			* For Oregon Scientific and La Crosse stations see [[#How_do_I_set_up_recording_wind_speeds_in_Cumulus.2C_with_Oregon_Scientific_and_La_Crosse_stations]]

	==Compensation==		==Compensation==
			As it says at [[FAQ#Where_should_I_position_the_wind_sensors]] the UK expects an anemonmeter to be 10m agl.

	Raising an anemometer to a height of 10 metres in an open space requires a strong mast with tensioned wires, and is not always possible, especially for weather enthusiasts, therefore one must build in a compensation figure (or multiplier) in order to take into account the height factor.		Raising an anemometer to a height of 10 metres in an open space requires a strong mast with tensioned wires, and is not always possible, especially for weather enthusiasts, therefore one must build in a compensation figure (or multiplier) in order to take into account the height factor.

	It is generally accepted that the following formula will provide a multiplier to compensate for lower height anemometer.		It is generally accepted that the following formula will provide a multiplier to compensate for lower height anemometer (where <tt>h</tt> is the height of the anemometer in metres above ground level).

	= 1/(0.233 + 0.656*log10(h+4.75))		= 1/(0.233 + 0.656*log10(h+4.75))
		⚫	===Examples:===

	Where <tt>h</tt> is the height of the anemometer in metres above ground level

⚫	Examples:

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!\|Height (metres) \|\| Multiplier		!\|Height (metres) \|\| Multiplier
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	\|-		\|-
	\|}		\|}
		⚫	===Wind Multiplier in Cumulus===

		⚫	*Within Cumulus it is possible to set a multiplier which will be used to upscale your actual reading from your anemometer to take into account its lower height. Use the formula above (or the table of examples) to locate your multiplier. Remember you are measuring the height of your anemometer from the ground in metres.

		⚫	*Within Cumulus click the 'Configuration' menu then 'Calibration'. Locate the 'Windspeed multiplier' and change this from its default of 1 to the value from above. Note Cumulus only accepts two decimal places if you have calculated using the formula rather than the table. You should also ask Cumulus to calculate wind chill, because any value output by your weather station will be based on an uncompensated wind speed.
⚫	==Wind Multiplier in Cumulus==
		⚫	*In addition to a Wind Speed multiplier, Cumulus allows for a Wind Gust multiplier. However, it is generally felt that wind gusts should not take into account their height from ground level therefore a multiplier of 1 is acceptable.

⚫	Within Cumulus it is possible to set a multiplier which will be used to upscale your actual reading from your anemometer to take into account its lower height. Use the formula above (or the table of examples) to locate your multiplier. Remember you are measuring the height of your anemometer from the ground in ~~meters~~.

⚫	Within Cumulus click the 'Configuration' menu then 'Calibration'. Locate the 'Windspeed multiplier' and change this from its default of 1 to the value from above. Note Cumulus only accepts two decimal places if you have calculated using the formula rather than the table.

⚫	In addition to a Wind Speed multiplier, Cumulus allows for a Wind Gust multiplier. However, it is generally felt that wind gusts should not take into account their height from ground level therefore a multiplier of 1 is acceptable.


	==Beaufort Scale==		==Beaufort Scale==

	The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_scale Beaufort Scale] was developed as a common way to measure and describe wind speed prior to any accurate devices. Initially it was based on the condition of the sea however the modern Beaufort scale incorporates land observations too.		The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_scale Beaufort Scale] was developed as a common way to measure and describe wind speed prior to any accurate devices. Initially it was based on the condition of the sea however the modern Beaufort scale incorporates land observations too.

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	\| Hurricane \|\| ≥ 118 \|\| ≥ 73 \|\| ≥ 64 \|\| ≥ 33 \|\| Very widespread damage to vegetation. Some windows may break; mobile homes and poorly constructed sheds and barns are damaged. Debris may be hurled about.		\| Hurricane \|\| ≥ 118 \|\| ≥ 73 \|\| ≥ 64 \|\| ≥ 33 \|\| Very widespread damage to vegetation. Some windows may break; mobile homes and poorly constructed sheds and barns are damaged. Debris may be hurled about.
	\|}		\|}
			Forces 13 to 17 have been included widely in the past, but are not part of the current international scale.

	see [[Gale_Days]]		Cumulus can track force 8 and stronger days - see [[Gale_Days]]

	=Wind Direction=		=Wind Direction=

Sfws: /* Wind Speed */ add units supported by Cumulus

2013-06-14T09:00:38Z

Wind Speed: add units supported by Cumulus

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:00, 14 June 2013
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	Wind speed is measured using an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemometer anemometer]. It is typically made up of cups attached to spindle. The stronger the wind the faster the cups rotate and the higher the reading. Several readings should be taken over a couple of minutes and an average taken. The measurement is usually made in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knot_%28unit%29 knots] or miles per hour but may be converted to metres per second or kilometres per hour.		Wind speed is measured using an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemometer anemometer]. It is typically made up of cups attached to spindle. The stronger the wind the faster the cups rotate and the higher the reading. Several readings should be taken over a couple of minutes and an average taken. The measurement is usually made in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knot_%28unit%29 knots] or miles per hour but may be converted to metres per second or kilometres per hour.
			Cumulus [[Cumulus.ini\|supports]]:
			*0 = m/s (metres per second)
			*1 = mph (miles per hour)
			*2 = km/h (kilometres per hour)
			*3 = kts (nautical knots)


	==Compensation==		==Compensation==

	Raising an anemometer to a height of 10 metres is not always possible, especially for weather enthusiasts, therefore one must build in a compensation figure (or multiplier) in order to take into account the height factor.		Raising an anemometer to a height of 10 metres in an open space requires a strong mast with tensioned wires, and is not always possible, especially for weather enthusiasts, therefore one must build in a compensation figure (or multiplier) in order to take into account the height factor.

	It is generally accepted that the following formula will provide a multiplier to compensate for lower height anemometer.		It is generally accepted that the following formula will provide a multiplier to compensate for lower height anemometer.

Sfws: Moving Gale Days to separate page

2013-04-06T21:09:12Z

Moving Gale Days to separate page

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:09, 6 April 2013
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	\|}		\|}

	==Gale_Days==		see [[Gale_Days]]
	Shown in '''View''' menu displays for ''This month'', ''This period'', and ''This year''. Cumulus uses the definition of a gale as used by the UK Met Office and the US NWS (and also, Steve Loft suspects, by the Australian BOM); that is, sustained wind speeds of 39 mph (62 km/h, 34 kts) or more, equivalent to Beaufort F8 or above. Gale days is thus the count of days in selected period where the highest average wind speed meets or exceeds this threshold.
	[[Category:Terminology]]

	=Wind Direction=		=Wind Direction=

Sfws: /* Gale_Days */

2013-04-06T21:05:15Z

Gale_Days

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:05, 6 April 2013
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	==Gale_Days==		==Gale_Days==
	Shown in '''View''' menu displays for ''This month'', ''This period'', and ''This year''. Cumulus uses the definition of a gale as used by the UK Met Office and the US NWS (and also, Steve Loft suspects, by the Australian BOM); that is, sustained wind speeds of 39 mph (62 km/h, 34 kts) or more, equivalent to Beaufort F8 or above. Gale days is thus the count of days in selected period where the highest average wind speed meets or exceeds this threshold.		Shown in '''View''' menu displays for ''This month'', ''This period'', and ''This year''. Cumulus uses the definition of a gale as used by the UK Met Office and the US NWS (and also, Steve Loft suspects, by the Australian BOM); that is, sustained wind speeds of 39 mph (62 km/h, 34 kts) or more, equivalent to Beaufort F8 or above. Gale days is thus the count of days in selected period where the highest average wind speed meets or exceeds this threshold.
			[[Category:Terminology]]

	=Wind Direction=		=Wind Direction=

Sfws: /* Gale Days */

2013-04-06T20:54:14Z

Gale Days

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:54, 6 April 2013
Line 125:		Line 125:
	\|}		\|}

			==Gale_Days==
			Shown in '''View''' menu displays for ''This month'', ''This period'', and ''This year''. Cumulus uses the definition of a gale as used by the UK Met Office and the US NWS (and also, Steve Loft suspects, by the Australian BOM); that is, sustained wind speeds of 39 mph (62 km/h, 34 kts) or more, equivalent to Beaufort F8 or above. Gale days is thus the count of days in selected period where the highest average wind speed meets or exceeds this threshold.

	=Wind Direction=		=Wind Direction=

Sfws: /* Wind Direction */ Clarification that Cumulus stores degrees

2013-01-05T10:44:00Z

Wind Direction: Clarification that Cumulus stores degrees

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:44, 5 January 2013
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	Wind direction is measured using a wind vane. This is ideally mounted on a roof top or mast 10 metres above ground. The wind vane is made up of an arrow mounted on top of a spindle, allowing the arrow to move with the wind. The arrow always points in the direction '''from''' which the wind is blowing and similarly wind direction is reported as '''from''' where the wind is blowing. Example, a Southerly wind is wind coming from the South		Wind direction is measured using a wind vane. This is ideally mounted on a roof top or mast 10 metres above ground. The wind vane is made up of an arrow mounted on top of a spindle, allowing the arrow to move with the wind. The arrow always points in the direction '''from''' which the wind is blowing and similarly wind direction is reported as '''from''' where the wind is blowing. Example, a Southerly wind is wind coming from the South

	Wind direction is ~~usually~~ described in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_direction Cardinal points]		Wind direction is typically described in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_direction Cardinal points] but Cumulus uses bearing (integer in angular degrees) in its logs.

	[[Category:Terminology]]		[[Category:Terminology]]